Recovery of semiconductor materials for a sustainable economy

Abstract

This article investigates the application of the recovery of semiconductors and critical materials present in urban waste, integrating a technical and sustainable approach. Three fundamental stages are analyzed: in the recovery phase, extraction methods are evaluated, and case studies are presented that illustrate both the technical challenges and the opportunities to optimize the process; in the processing phase, purification techniques that transform waste into high-value materials are detailed; and in the reinsertion phase, the reintegration of these semiconductors into the production chain is proposed, promoting the circular economy. The research is based on an exploratory design with a qualitative approach complemented by secondary quantitative analysis. A methodology based on document review, case studies, and comparative tables was applied, integrating technical, environmental, and socioeconomic perspectives. In addition, key sustainable objectives are emphasized: reducing the carbon footprint through energy-efficient processes, minimizing waste by valuing by-products, and conserving natural resources by decreasing dependence on primary mining The findings offer a comprehensive model that strengthens environmental sustainability and promotes innovative policies and strategies for responsible development.