The transition toward industry 5.0

Conceptualization, operational benefits, and challenges in contemporary engineering

Abstract

This paper review article analyzes the conceptualization of Industry 5.0, in a quantitative approach that reorients production systems towards an anthropocentric, sustainable and resilient orientation. The main purpose of the research is to examine the fundamental definitions of this model, highlight its operational and organizational benefits, as well as expose in detail the structural challenges faced by engineering professionals for its effective implementation in the contemporary manufacturing environment. Methodologically, the study is based on a comparative analysis of recent scientific sources that delimit the strategic evolution from previous extreme automation to a symbiotic relationship between humans and advanced technologies, such as collaborative robotics and predictive analysis systems. The main findings show that, although the transition enhances competitive advantage through mass customization, institutional proactivity, and the reduction of operating costs, critical barriers persist associated with the digital skills gap, ethical dilemmas on data governance, industrial cybersecurity and financial investment limitations in small production units. demanding a profound academic and organizational reconfiguration.